This page explains the multilang protocol as of Storm 0.7.1. Versions prior to 0.7.1 used a somewhat different protocol, documented [here](Storm-multi-language-protocol-(versions-0.7.0-and-below).html).
Support for multiple languages is implemented via the ShellBolt, ShellSpout, and ShellProcess classes. These classes implement the IBolt and ISpout interfaces and the protocol for executing a script or program via the shell using Java's ProcessBuilder class.
By default the ShellProcess assumes that your code is packaged inside of your topology jar under the resources subdirectory of your jar and by default will change the current working directory of
the executable process to be that resources directory extracted from the jar.
A jar file does not store permissions of the files in it. This includes the execute bit that would allow a shell script to be laoded and run by the operating systme.
As such in most examples the scripts are of the form python mybolt.py because the python executable is already on the supervisor and mybolt is packaged in the resources directory of the jar.
If you want to package something more complicated, like a new version of python itself, you need to instead use the blob store for this and a .tgz archive that does support permissions.
See the docs on the Blob Store for more details on how to ship a jar.
To make a ShellBolt/ShellSpout work with executables + scripts shipped in the blob store dist cache add
changeChildCWD(false);
in the constructor of your ShellBolt/ShellSpout. The shell command will then be relative to the cwd of the worker. Where the sym-links to the resources are.
So if I shipped python with a symlink named newPython and a python ShellSpout I shipped into shell_spout.py I would have a something like
public MyShellSpout() {
super("./newPython/bin/python", "./shell_spout.py");
changeChildCWD(false);
}
Output fields are part of the Thrift definition of the topology. This means that when you multilang in Java, you need to create a bolt that extends ShellBolt, implements IRichBolt, and declare the fields in declareOutputFields (similarly for ShellSpout).
You can learn more about this on Concepts
A simple protocol is implemented via the STDIN and STDOUT of the executed script or program. All data exchanged with the process is encoded in JSON, making support possible for pretty much any language.
To run a shell component on a cluster, the scripts that are shelled
out to must be in the resources/ directory within the jar submitted
to the master.
However, during development or testing on a local machine, the resources directory just needs to be on the classpath.
Notes:
The initial handshake is the same for both types of shell components:
{
"conf": {
"topology.message.timeout.secs": 3,
// etc
},
"pidDir": "...",
"context": {
"task->component": {
"1": "example-spout",
"2": "__acker",
"3": "example-bolt1",
"4": "example-bolt2"
},
"taskid": 3,
// Everything below this line is only available in Storm 0.10.0+
"componentid": "example-bolt"
"stream->target->grouping": {
"default": {
"example-bolt2": {
"type": "SHUFFLE"}}},
"streams": ["default"],
"stream->outputfields": {"default": ["word"]},
"source->stream->grouping": {
"example-spout": {
"default": {
"type": "FIELDS",
"fields": ["word"]
}
}
}
"source->stream->fields": {
"example-spout": {
"default": ["word"]
}
}
}
}
Your script should create an empty file named with its PID in this directory. e.g. the PID is 1234, so an empty file named 1234 is created in the directory. This file lets the supervisor know the PID so it can shutdown the process later on.
As of Storm 0.10.0, the context sent by Storm to shell components has been
enhanced substantially to include all aspects of the topology context available
to JVM components. One key addition is the ability to determine a shell
component's source and targets (i.e., inputs and outputs) in the topology via
the stream->target->grouping and source->stream->grouping dictionaries. At
the innermost level of these nested dictionaries, groupings are represented as
a dictionary that minimally has a type key, but can also have a fields key
to specify which fields are involved in a FIELDS grouping.
{"pid": 1234}. The shell component will log the PID to its log.What happens next depends on the type of component:
Shell spouts are synchronous. The rest happens in a while(true) loop:
"next" is the equivalent of ISpout's nextTuple. It looks like:
{"command": "next"}
"ack" looks like:
{"command": "ack", "id": "1231231"}
"activate" is the equivalent of ISpout's activate:
{"command": "activate"}
"deactivate" is the equivalent of ISpout's deactivate:
{"command": "deactivate"}
"fail" looks like:
{"command": "fail", "id": "1231231"}
An emit looks like:
{
"command": "emit",
// The id for the tuple. Leave this out for an unreliable emit. The id can
// be a string or a number.
"id": "1231231",
// The id of the stream this tuple was emitted to. Leave this empty to emit to default stream.
"stream": "1",
// If doing an emit direct, indicate the task to send the tuple to
"task": 9,
// All the values in this tuple
"tuple": ["field1", 2, 3]
}
If not doing an emit direct, you will immediately receive the task ids to which the tuple was emitted on STDIN as a JSON array.
A "log" will log a message in the worker log. It looks like:
{
"command": "log",
// the message to log
"msg": "hello world!"
}
{"command": "sync"}
After you sync, ShellSpout will not read your output until it sends another next, ack, or fail command.
Note that, similarly to ISpout, all of the spouts in the worker will be locked up after a next, ack, or fail, until you sync. Also like ISpout, if you have no tuples to emit for a next, you should sleep for a small amount of time before syncing. ShellSpout will not automatically sleep for you.
The shell bolt protocol is asynchronous. You will receive tuples on STDIN as soon as they are available, and you may emit, ack, and fail, and log at any time by writing to STDOUT, as follows:
{
// The tuple's id - this is a string to support languages lacking 64-bit precision
"id": "-6955786537413359385",
// The id of the component that created this tuple
"comp": "1",
// The id of the stream this tuple was emitted to
"stream": "1",
// The id of the task that created this tuple
"task": 9,
// All the values in this tuple
"tuple": ["snow white and the seven dwarfs", "field2", 3]
}
{
"command": "emit",
// The ids of the tuples this output tuples should be anchored to
"anchors": ["1231231", "-234234234"],
// The id of the stream this tuple was emitted to. Leave this empty to emit to default stream.
"stream": "1",
// If doing an emit direct, indicate the task to send the tuple to
"task": 9,
// All the values in this tuple
"tuple": ["field1", 2, 3]
}
If not doing an emit direct, you will receive the task ids to which the tuple was emitted on STDIN as a JSON array. Note that, due to the asynchronous nature of the shell bolt protocol, when you read after emitting, you may not receive the task ids. You may instead read the task ids for a previous emit or a new tuple to process. You will receive the task id lists in the same order as their corresponding emits, however.
An ack looks like:
{
"command": "ack",
// the id of the tuple to ack
"id": "123123"
}
A fail looks like:
{
"command": "fail",
// the id of the tuple to fail
"id": "123123"
}
A "log" will log a message in the worker log. It looks like:
{
"command": "log",
// the message to log
"msg": "hello world!"
}
As of Storm 0.9.3, heartbeats have been between ShellSpout/ShellBolt and their multi-lang subprocesses to detect hanging/zombie subprocesses. Any libraries for interfacing with Storm via multi-lang must take the following actions regarding hearbeats:
Shell spouts are synchronous, so subprocesses always send sync commands at the
end of next(), so you should not have to do much to support heartbeats for
spouts. That said, you must not let subprocesses sleep more than the worker
timeout during next().
Shell bolts are asynchronous, so a ShellBolt will send heartbeat tuples to its subprocess periodically. Heartbeat tuple looks like:
{
"id": "-6955786537413359385",
"comp": "1",
"stream": "__heartbeat",
// this shell bolt's system task id
"task": -1,
"tuple": []
}
When subprocess receives heartbeat tuple, it must send a sync command back to
ShellBolt.